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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In this scientific era of mass communication and mass consumption, television programmes have assumed great importance in the society. Then understanding of how television viewers receive and process the information contained in any television programme has received enough attention expected if information based society.
Furthermore, the organizations of television programmes as a form of non-personal communication intended to promote and transit messages by a particular television programme, has increased the importance of the use of computer graphics in enhancing them. Television programme is something people watch on television, it is often characterized as the means of communicating and reaching out to the masses, this is because television programmes can change viewing habits and it’s entertaining features are always interesting to watch. Carter, Bill (2010). In television context viewer’s deal with the reception of complex stimuli, which can either complicate or support the sending of multiple messages? Obviously people do not have the same scale of value and are not interested in the something, therefore, no programme is consumed by any one at same rate and no television programme is equally appealing to everyone at same time. Some programmes, universally appeal more than others as some advertisers have made market than others, but each television programme succeeds who can be reached on a common meeting ground. Also to convey your messages clearly, news makers can choose from any television programme.
Traditionally, Nigerians display their goods such as yam tubers in excellent rows, allowing sufficient quality of the soil or must to beautiful that tuber, because the mud is excellent potential sales point as it serve to address the features of the tubers, such area is an impressive way of portraying the test. Adding to that, in our local retail outlets, sellers consciously engage in attraction display of programme or goods arrangement to serve as attention gather and help establish identity. Computer graphics has therefore been playing this huge role in television programmes packages. Computer graphics is widespread today as it is found in television, Newspapers, weather reports and in variety of medical investigations and surgical procedures. Many tools has been developed to visualize television programmes. Computer generated graphics has emerges as the sub field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. Computer graphics can be used in enhancing the quality of pictorial presentation and has added an electrifying dimension to programmes and commercials Meggs (2006).
Computer graphics is not only a thing of beauty to individuals, it is naturally sticking and compelling to users generally or individually. Computer graphics also forever changed the face of television programmes such as news programmes, weather, sport and even the children programmes. Before computers, the use of graphics were limited to still photograph, video or film clips that encompassed the entire screen or physical background images such as maps or graphs. With computer software making production of graphics easier, faster, and less expensive, the major television network increases their use in the new programming. This form of disruptive innovation replaces existing methods for the creation and uses of generated graphics in the broadcast television which was time consuming and expensive and essentially created a new market by making it easier for graphics designers.
Television programme now have a visually aesthetic way to attract, engage, and communicate with viewers. The use of computer graphics is thought to enhance information content and communication capability, it is also to influence the society negatively since its inception. The believes that this impact has been dramatic has been largely unchallenged. However, there is much dispute as to what those effects are, how serious the reminification are and if these effects are more or less evolutionary with human. Butler, Fionula; Cynthia pickett (July 2009). Computer graphics has influences attributes of television programmes some commentators note that the medium can have a positive effect on its viewers, for instance, television programmes are quite commonly used in school classrooms and teachers may use educational videos or segments recorded from network broadcast to accentuate their lessons and provide learning avenues for children with learning style. Also television programmes has exposed it’s viewers to a wider array of cultures and societies and has made more young people aware of political and social issues which may increase their influence on their respective nation’s government.
Computer graphics is used often in broadcast stations these days and used in some way in a majority of blockbusters. It is also used to create three-dimensional images and animated movies in television programmes. However, television programmes as a form of contemporary means of advertising combines the technical aspect of the television including the graphic designs. Television programme simply entail bringing knowledgeable events to its viewers and computer graphics has had it more interesting with its functions and appearance discussion on its target through proper choice of programme type, (Combe 2005).
However, computer graphics has had several effects on television programmes and media as a profession with some of them seen as advantages while others as disadvantages. Development in the history of human communication often called “the information society” and has transformed the way many men, women and children perceive media and entertainment industries. This points to the fact that computer graphics has brought about significant changes in the journalism and media vocation.
Furthermore, research by Mugira (2007) revealed that the computer graphics in television programmes has surely transformed the newsroom to greater heights. While the effect of television programme depend on what is actually consumed, Neil Postman argues that the dominance of entertaining but informative programming, create a more aware society. Several studies also show that television programmes are educational and has many advantages. The media awareness network explains in its article “the good thing about television programme is that it is very powerful and effective learning tools if uses wisely. It also stated that television programmes and its computer generated graphics can help young and old people discover relationship with peers and family and teach them to understand complex social aspects of communication.
Fox at al. (2005) conducted a series of experiments to determine how the addition of text and animated graphics influence how well viewers processed television news stories. But Daniel S. Warner,professor Emeritus school of communication, university of Washington puts in his work (2005) computer graphics in television programmes cannot change viewing habit in deplorable situation. He said that the greatest graphic advert in the world cannot soil a programme nor convince consumers to buy programmes which they feel cost too much, poorly packaged or in some way do not live up to their expectations.
The computer graphics identifies the course of programming even if has been time-shifted that is recorded to videotape, DVD or a digital personal video recorder. many of these technologies allow viewers to skip or omit traditional between-programming station identification, thus the use of a computer graphics in television programme amenable station network to enhance brand identification even when standard commercials are skipped. Computer graphics may be used to identify in the correct subscription is been used for a type of venue. Many news broadcast also place a clock alongside their bug, with computer graphics broadcast stations may also include the programmes parental guidelines rating (PGR),it has also become common to place text above the station logo advertising other programmes on the network .
Many news broadcaster also place a clock alongside their bug when broadcasting a story at a particular time, broadcast stations use graphics to put “live” in the bottom or top of the screen to advice viewers that the programme is live, as opposed to a repeat. During televised sports events, a graphic also display a few game-relates statistics such as the current score, in same way that you can use word processor to create text on a computer screen, you can use computer generated graphics to create text on a television screen.
There are two types of equipment involved: software based system (which use a desktop or lap top as a platform) and dedicated equip9 (built to perform one task only in this case creating television graphics).In both types, graphics are normally created on a screen at a time and stored as electronic pages. These pages can be recalled manually or automatically in any sequence. Once created, simple graphics such as lower-third frame names or title can be quickly retrieved as needed by typing in an electronic page number the retrieved page can be keyed into (electronically inserted into backgrounds and videos. This means that one or more images background photos, product logos (identifying symbols), text E. T. C can be electronically places on top of each other to build rich, multi-layered graphics. These programmes can create effects that go beyond what you can normally do in a photographic darkroom, sharpening the images, airbrushing and the application of scores, various image manipulation filters.
In as much as this topic deals with the Assessment of computer graphics as communication tools for packaging television programme in NTA minna, there is need for graphics to influence people’s viewing behavior and have good impact in them. It has been observed that people reach to graphic adverts. This point not exclusively to only one programme but to all.
Clearly the use of computer graphics in the broadcast of informational programmes such as news, weather, sport attract the interest of viewers, holds their attention and enhance their ability to process, remember and understand messages better than if no visual aids were present.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Graphic representation through the multiple use of computer graphics intensifies the attention of the viewer in television programmes however it is associated with certain problems.
The use of computer graphics work as a trick in television programme see a as graphics an attractive may not have good quality. Despite the fact that full computer graphics of a television programme is attractive it might as well be deceitful in the sense that the programmes actually does not reach expected quality.
Stressing further, because of the huge amount involve in graphic presentation, advertisers and television viewers wants to find out if the outcome is justifiable of the effort, in other words it affects the viewers due to the high price of the programme. By the large computer graphics representation of a programmes is a distraction to attention being that Bowers are increasingly conscious of their programme which ordinarily they would not like to buy or watch More so, some viewers are increasingly conscious of their money, they tend to choose the right programmes that will satisfy their desire notwithstanding the computer graphics of the programme.
- 3 Objective of the Study
The aim or objective of the study sis assessing computer graphics as communication tools for packaging television programmes.
- To find out if the use of computer graphics enhances television programmes.
- To find out if the use of computer graphics influences viewer choice of a programme.
- To find out or identify other factors that enhances television programmes.
- To identify the arra8where the use of computer graphics aid in enhancing television programmes.
1.4 Research Questions
To actualize the objective of the study, the following questions are drafted:
- Do computer graphics serve as a communication tool for packaging television programmes?
- In which ways do computer graphics contribute to packaging television programmes?
- Does the use of computer graphics enhance television programmes?
- Does the use of graphics influence viewer’s choice of a programme?
- In what area does the use of computer graphics aid in enhancing television programmes?
1.5 Significance of the Study
Television as an electronic medium of communication of information and ideas through its programmes has been recognized as the most effective medium of mass communication. It is also admired for its ability to cut across barrier of illiteracy and culture (Stella Okenna, and primarily assessment, said that television is the third world countries because It really educates, entertains and informs the massive masses with visual and sound effect.
In Nigeria for example, the use of television serving as a source of information is truly widespread even among rural dwellers, which makes up the majority of the country’s population. Television as an electronic media that aired programmes has been known in recent decades as the key mode of mass communication. The role of the programme in educating the masses which helps to foster national unity and undertaking to explore these areas so as to contribute to the whole scope of the knowledge.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The extent of the study will cover the NTA minna but will be generalized. Hence the study would have been extended to all the NTA stations but the scope of the study is limited since it’s difficult if not impossible to study the entire NTA Channels.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
Owing to the following limitation, it’s not an overstatement that a work of these nature cannot be carried out without some hard experiences; however below are some constrains to this work:
– The risk involved in traveling to source for information.
-Duration for the research work is relatively short
-Materials that are available on this topic are relatively small as the concept is new or people have not written from that angle.
Finally, respondent’s inability to complete and return the questionnaire that was given to them adequately.
1.8 Conceptual Definition of Terms
MEDIA CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: This means giving news and opinion to large number of people.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: The Means the operational television broadcast used to generate or circulate information to the public.
TELEVISION CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: The medium uses in transmitting a news of an event, films etc.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: the medium through which messages are brought to audience as a firm of entertainment, education, and information.
GRAPHICS CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: the use if designs or pictures to illustrate books, giving vivid details in a visual art form using drawings and designs or printed materials.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: the medium use in attracting viewers to a television programme using designs and art works.
ENHANCE CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: The medium uses in increasing the quality, value or extent of something.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: The media or medium used to influence the increase quality of either the programme.
PROGRAMME CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION: this is the means of planning the series of event, play, concert e.t.c.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: A performance of a show or other broadcast station on radio or television.
