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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Crime has become one of the greatest obstacles to the better realization of democratic governance and the much acclaimed millennium development goals (MDGs) in Nigeria.
The country is being bedeviled by all forms of crime, which range from simple acts of thefts, burglary and verbal assault to serious acts of robbery, economic and financial crime ethnic and religious disturbance “cultism and sexual harassment in institutions of learning youths restiveness and trafficking of human beings. All the segments of the population in Nigeria, including the elites and the youths, at one point or another commit these criminal acts. Both rural and urban cities have suffered from these undesirable activities the degree of the crime rate has gone far beyond the tolerance limit of the safety and has consequently attained disturbing dimensions to the extent that social economic and political activities are seriously attached, given this situation academic government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as well as the international community have sought an understanding of the various dimension of the phenomenon including its level manifestation causes and implications for all segment of the societies.
These efforts have been with the singular desire of devising appropriate strategies towards the effective management of the problems, however, this study has focused on the effect of communication on trafficking in human commodities.
In some selected states in Nigeria, its aim was to measure the problems of human trafficking in terms of the attributes of the rectums, the pattern of human flow, and the casual factors. The specific objectives were to discovers the socio-economic attributes of victims of human trafficking determines the pattern of flow establish the underlying factors, and make appropriate recommendation towards curbing human trafficking in Nigeria.
In 1995, as at the time of the belging conference the issue of human trafficking was not regarded as an issue of concern for Africans it was a problem considered as the Asian and Latin American people the unfolding events since the almost ten years that human trafficking is rife in the countries has been found to be source, transit and destination country for the crime of human trafficking.
In West African, the incident of human trafficking in women and children were dated as far back as the 1960s. However, the significant public recognition and focus on issue only come since the mid 70s. Although there are no exact figures and data on the number of trafficking victims, there are indicators to show that the trend is assuming an alarming rate in the sub-regions. One of such indicators is the growing population of women and children particularly children in the West African city centre and European countries as a result of urban migration and illegal trans-border migration with exploitative labor.
The challenges of searching for a sustainable solution to the menace of human trafficking and child labor led to the decisions by the Ekiti-State broadcasting services to commission this as part of their programmes.
Records show that over 400,000 children work in Benin and approximately 625,000 children from cote D’ ivoire are in labor. Most of the children are under the ages of 15 years. According to research carried out, it has found that a large percentage of these children in labor are trafficked victim. The violence are spelled out sanction against those who engage in slavery and laid down procedure for victims restitution. The daily champion of 12 July, 2002 reported than 80% of foreign prostitution in Italy were Nigerian women.
Nigerian was categorized in tier 2 of the trafficking in persons country list for 2001 compelled by the United State government and the transparency international. The tier lists states that do not meet minimum standards of combating human trafficking, but are making efforts to do so.
1.2 Statement of Research Problem
Human trafficking as one of the various forms of crime that have of recent become a disturbing trend to both the Nigeria government and various communities. The phenomenon of human trafficking is universal and has been practiced in forms in different parts of the worlds Okogie et al (2004) observes that the phenomenon is a multibillion dollar business because of the level of involvement of organized criminal gangs. It has also been adjudged the fastest growing category of organized crime and the third largest profit making business outside of drugs and arms deals.
One of the problem of human trafficking is loss of population/reduction, human trafficking causes loss of population because those involve does not know the risk of been into such act, and at the same time such risk may lead to loss of life.
People are also dehumanized because of the involvement in human trafficking, image of people are been ridiculed and tarnished just be cause of money.
Human trafficking regarded as a crime against making, because people who are been trafficked don’t even know their right. It also brings about loss of trust amongst people involved in such act.
The problem observed before choosing this topic is that human trafficking. Mostly children and women has become a global business that affected almost all countries and reaps enormous profits for traffickers and their criminal intermediaries.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The aim of this study is to measure the magnitude, pattern and identify the causes of human trafficking in Nigeria, and also to know the impact of communication on this harmful behavior practices.
(1) To identify the causes of human trafficking
(2) To make recommendations on how to eliminate human trafficking in Nigeria
(3) To provide demographic information on victims and their experiences.
(4) To know the level of effectiveness that communication has brought about concerning human trafficking.
1.4 Research Question
(1) Are the victims of human trafficking aware of the risk associated with the act?
(2) Is poverty the major cause of human trafficking
(3) Do these campaign help to reduce the rate of human trafficking.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1. Hi Victims of human trafficking are aware of the risk associated with the act.
Ho Victims of human trafficking are not aware of the risk associated with the act.
2. H2 Poverty is the major cause of human trafficking
Ho Poverty is not the major cause of human trafficking
3. H3 Campaign can help to reduce the rate of human trafficking
Ho Campaign cannot help to reduce the rate of human trafficking
1.6 Significance of the study
The study when completed will be of important to the media, women and children and the government community of information and communication.
The Media
Most media outfits in Nigeria are in the business for the profit, they derive form publishing and broadcasting and adverts are gradually beginning to occupy the space and our time meant for other important writes up and programmes. The media could help in reducing the rate at which human trafficking is growing in our country today they could help inform and educate people both in urban and rural areas of the effect of human trafficking and disadvantages and how tit could destroy lives.
Finally, the media can and should run campaigns and adverts against human trafficking so that it could be brought to the knowledge of everyone about the harmful effect of this practices.
Women and Children
As enticing and tempting as the premises made to victims could be women and children should under no circumstances be lured into believing what they art being told about helping to train them in school because it’s a huge form of deceit and a trap, and is very harmful, morally socially and otherwise.
Government Ministry of Information and Communication
The ministry of information and communication should be able to ensure that the media disseminate information to the public on how harmful human trafficking is, and also letting them
know how their story is told so as not to be able to deceive the less privileges into realizing their children to this derailed individuals who master trade is human trafficking.
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1.7 Scope of the study
The interest of the study is finding out what extent the Nigerian communication system has helped in the fight globally to put an end to human trafficking especially in Nigeria both in rural and urban area.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
During the course of putting this project together, I encountered so many restraints, such as logistics, which is the practical plan to make this work a bit hectic. In the sense that combining school work and other activities with writing the projects was not an easy task.
Another methodological problem was the difficulty in getting victims to interview, this was especially the case with those who were already settled, in fact a few of them who had already settled down to responsible family did not want to be reminded of what one reffered to as “the dark” chapter of life”. Even those of them who agreed to be interviewed felt quite so reticent as to fail to be opened about sordid as past of their experiences either in Nigeria or abroad, consequently they did not disclose all that was required of them.
1.9 Operational Definition
Trafficking: The illegal movement of people of Ido Community of Ido-Osi local government area to republic of Benin by people trading on human beings from January to June 2014.
Campaign: All the messages packaged on Ekiti radio to convince people of Ido-Osi to stop the illicit trade of human trafficking.
Impact: The feelings of Ekiti people after receiving the radio campaign messages on why they should stop human trafficking in their community.
